정확한 출처(Primary Source)는 Sophia Murphy가 작성한 보고서인 **《Strategic Issues in the Global Grain Trade》**입니다.

이 문건은 농업 및 무역 정책 관련 전문 연구 기관인 **IATP (Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy)**에서 2002년에 발표한 연구 보고서의 서론 및 기업 배경 설명 부분에 등장합니다.

정확한 서지 정보 (Reference)

• 저자: Sophia Murphy

• 보고서 제목: Strategic Issues in the Global Grain Trade

• 발행 기관: IATP (Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy)

• 발행 연도: 2002년 (Revised 2003)

• 페이지: 본문 중 "The Context of the Grain Trade" 또는 "The History of Grain Trading Firms" 섹션

원문 확인 (English Original)

"The early grain trade firms were active in both surplus-producing and food deficit regions, and these firms made it their business to know the state of supply and demand in both. Because this information was the key to their profitability, these firms worked in relative secrecy, frequently built on family ties, trust, and loyalty. In addition, these firms were able to benefit from the rise of commodity exchanges and commodities futures markets that emerged in the mid-1800s. Agricultural markets are naturally unstable, due to changes in harvest size that result from variable weather patterns and other factors. Locking-in prices by buying and selling grain for future delivery helped these firms to minimize such risks. It made sense for the grain trading companies to manage their risks within a single firm that was operating in more than one country, rather than operating as independent national companies trading with each other. Their access to information in multiple markets enabled them to easily cover the risks associated with agricultural commodity trade."

내용의 핵심 맥락

이 텍스트는 현대의 거대 곡물 메이저 기업(예: Cargill, ADM, Bunge 등)이 어떻게 전 세계적인 정보망과 선물 시장을 활용하여 성장했는지를 분석하는 과정에서 그들의 역사적 기원을 설명하는 부분입니다.

1. 정보의 비대칭성: 생산지와 소비지의 정보를 독점하여 수익을 창출함.

2. 폐쇄적 구조: 정보 유출을 막기 위해 가족 중심의 폐쇄적인 경영 방식을 택함.

3. 위험 관리(Hedging): 19세기 중반 등장한 상품 거래소와 선물 거래를 통해 날씨 등 불확실한 농산물 시장의 리스크를 관리함.

이 출처는 주로 국제 관계학, 농업 경제학, 또는 기업 윤리 관련 교재에서 다국적 기업의 영향력을 설명할 때 자주 인용됩니다.

제시된 텍스트는 대한민국 교육기관에서 출제된 모의고사 영어 영역의 빈칸 추론 문제에 사용된 원문 지문입니다.

원문 출처 정보 (Primary Source Document)

• 종류 (Type): 2016년 6월 고3 전국연합학력평가 (모의고사) (National Academic Achievement Assessment for 12th Grade, June 2016)

• 과목/문항 (Subject/Item): 영어 영역 34번 문항 (빈칸 추론 문제의 지문)

• 시행 주체 (Administered by): 한국교육과정평가원 (Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation, KICE)

정확히 일치하는 원문 (하이라이트)

제시된 텍스트는 해당 시험 문제지에 수록된 지문의 내용과 완벽하게 일치하는 부분입니다.

The early grain trade firms were active in both surplus-producing and food deficit regions, and these firms made it their business to know the state of supply and demand in both. Because this information was the key to their ___________, these firms worked in relative secrecy, frequently built on family ties, trust, and loyalty. In addition, these firms were able to benefit from the rise of commodity exchanges and commodities futures markets that emerged in the mid-1800s. Agricultural markets are naturally unstable, due to changes in harvest size that result from variable weather patterns and other factors. Locking-in prices by buying and selling grain for future delivery helped these firms to minimize such risks. It made sense for the grain trading companies to manage their risks within a single firm that was operating in more than one country, rather than operating as independent national companies trading with each other. Their access to information in multiple markets enabled them to easily cover the risks associated with agricultural commodity trade.