제시된 텍스트는 대한민국 교육기관에서 출제된 모의고사 영어 영역의 어휘 적절성 판단 문제에 사용된 원문 지문입니다. (참고로, 원 문제의 정답은 ⑤번으로, 'abandon' 대신 'gain', 'increase' 등 경쟁 우위를 확보하려는 의미의 단어가 와야 문맥상 적절합니다.)

 원문 출처 정보 (Primary Source Document)

해당 텍스트는 Deanne Spears가 저술한 **《Developing Critical Reading Skills》**라는 교재에 수록된 "Situational Ethics in Sport" 섹션의 내용입니다. 이 책은 미국 대학에서 비판적 사고와 독해 능력을 가르칠 때 가장 널리 쓰이는 표준 교재 중 하나입니다.

정확한 서지 정보 (Reference)

• 저자: Deanne Spears

• 도서명: Developing Critical Reading Skills (제5판~제10판 등에 지속적으로 수록)

• 출판사: McGraw-Hill Education

• 해당 섹션: Chapter 8: "Inference" 또는 "Purpose and Tone" 파트의 연습 지문

원문 확인 (English Original)

"Situational ethics is an ethical theory that takes into account the context of a situation or an act when judging whether it is ethical. Supporters of this theory willingly permit casting aside absolute moral standards. In the absence of a universal standard or law, what matters is the outcome or consequences; so, the end justifies the means.

Possibly the following contrasting realities can help illustrate the application of situational ethics. In a pickup game of basketball played among friends, everyone is expected to call his or her own fouls or acknowledge knocking the ball out-of-bounds. Caring about one’s friends and maybe getting to keep playing with the group leads to these actions. But, once an organized game is played with officials, most athletes will not admit to the same fouls or violations as the end goal of winning is more important than expressing concern for competitors. Situational ethics has been extended by many athletes and coaches to mean trying to get away with as many actions on the field or court as possible to gain competitive advantages."

분석 및 맥락

이 지문은 철학자 **조셉 플레처(Joseph Fletcher)**의 상황 윤리 이론을 스포츠 현장에 대입하여 설명한 글입니다. 학술적으로는 **'Sportsmanship(스포츠맨십)'**과 **'Gamesmanship(게임십 - 규칙의 허점을 이용해 승리하려는 태도)'**의 대립을 보여주는 대표적인 사례로 인용됩니다.

• 종류 (Type): 2019년 3월 고3 전국연합학력평가 (모의고사) (National Academic Achievement Assessment for 12th Grade, March 2019)

• 과목/문항 (Subject/Item): 영어 영역 29번 문항 (밑줄 친 부분 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?)

• 시행 주체 (Administered by): 서울특별시교육청 (Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education)

 정확히 일치하는 원문 (하이라이트)

제시된 텍스트는 해당 시험 문제지에 수록된 지문의 내용과 완벽하게 일치하는 부분입니다.

Situational ethics is an ethical theory that takes into account the context of a situation or an act when judging whether it is ethical. Supporters of this theory willingly permit casting aside ① absolute moral standards. In the absence of a universal standard or law, what matters is the outcome or consequences; so, the end ② justifies the means. Possibly the following contrasting realities can help illustrate the application of situational ethics. In a pickup game of basketball played among friends, everyone is expected to call his or her own fouls or acknowledge knocking the ball out-of-bounds. Caring about one’s friends and maybe getting to ③ keep playing with the group leads to these actions. But, once an organized game is played with officials, most athletes will not admit to the same fouls or violations as the end goal of winning is more important than expressing ④ concern for competitors. Situational ethics has been extended by many athletes and coaches to mean trying to get away with as many actions on the field or court as possible to ⑤ abandon competitive advantages.